Science Curriculum Preview Committee Clarification of Learning Results

04/07/04

9-12

C3: Discuss the function of the important "molecules of life" - proteins (including enzymes and hormones), carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid.

Curriculum Organizing Questions

  • What functions do proteins serve?
  • What do enzymes do?
  • What do hormones do?
  • What functions do nucleic acids serve?
  • What functions do carbohydrates serve?
  • Why do we need lipids?
Elaboration

Understanding the chemical basis of life is important, not only for its own sake, but because of the need to take informed positions on some of the practical and ethical implications of humankind's capacity to manipulate living organisms.

Specific Ideas

  • Protein molecules are long, usually folded chains made from 20 different kinds of amino acid molecules. Benchmarks 5C3
  • Proteins assist in replicating genetic information, repairing cell structures, helping other molecules get in or out of the cell, and generally in catalyzing and regulating molecular interactions. Other protein molecules may carry oxygen, effect contraction, respond to outside stimuli, or provide material for hair, nails, and other body structures. They may also serve as hormones, antibodies, or digestive enzymes. A complex network of proteins provides organization and shape and, for animal cells, movement. SFAA p. 63
  • The function of each protein depends on its specific sequence of amino acids and the shape the chain takes as a consequence of attractions between the chain's parts. Benchmarks 5C3
  • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. Science Matters p.210
  • The information encoded in DNA provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. Benchmarks 5C4
  • RNA molecules are involved in the process of creating proteins from the instructions encoded in DNA. Science Matters p. 231
  • Carbohydrates molecules store energy and are created from sugar subunits. Science Matters p. 211
  • Lipids store energy and form structural components of cells (cell membranes). Science Matters p. 212
Developmental & Instructional Implications

The emphasis should be on function, not on the fine details of structure, which could impede understanding.

Examples

Back to Big Ideas Grid C
Back to Standard C
Back to Index