Science Curriculum Preview Committee Clarification of Learning Results

Revised 08/22/04

5-8

G1. Compare past and present knowledge about characteristics of stars (e.g., composition, location, life-cycles) and explain how people have learned about them.

Curriculum Organizing Questions

  • What are stars?
  • What is our closest star?
  • What did people 100 years ago think about the stars?
  • How do different cultures explain the stars?
  • What tools can we use to study the stars?
Elaboration

In earlier times, people everywhere were familiar with stars. Our understanding of stars over time has changed with the advent of new technology such as telescopes, photography, computers, and space probes.

There are many different kinds of stars. Some are hot and dense, burning their fuel at an incredible rate. Others are cool, consuming fuel much more slowly. We see stars in their infancy and stars growing old. And once in a great while, we catch a glimpse of a star in its final cataclysmic hours, wracked by a massive fatal explosion. All this variety of stars tells a story: Stars live and die like everything else.(Science Matters, pg. 134).

Specific Ideas

  • Earlier people noted the patterns of stars in the skies, the regularity of the motions of the stars and how these motions related to the seasons. They used their knowledge of stars to plan planting of crops, to navigate boats and as the basis for many stories and myths. (Benchmarks, pg. 61).
  • Technology is essential to science for such purposes as access to outer space and other remote locations, sample collection and treatment, measurement, data collection and storage, computation, and communication (Benchmarks 3A).
  • Telescopes reveal that there are many more stars in the night sky than are evident to the unaided eye (Benchmarks 10A).
  • The stars differ from each other in size, temperature, and age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements found on earth and behave according to the same physical principles (Benchmarks 4A, 9-12).
  • Stars condensed by gravity out of clouds of molecules of the lightestelements until nuclear fusion of the light elements into heavier ones, began to occur. Fusion released great amounts of energy over millions of years (Benchmarks 4A, 9-12).
  • Eventually, some stars exploded, producing clouds, containing heavy elements from which other stars and planets orbiting them could later condense. The process of star formation and destruction continues.... (Benchmarks 4A, 9-12).
Developmental & Instructional Implications

Many of these specific ideas are developmentally inappropriate for 5-8 and should be taught at 9-12.

Examples

Have students identify and observe a specific constellation and research myths about that constellation.

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